Google Analytics (GA4)

Pull reports and insights from GA4 using the Google Analytics Data API.

Prerequisites

Requires Google OAuth credentials: - GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID - GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET - A valid OAuth access token (refreshed as needed)

Set credentials in .env, .env.local, or ~/.claude/.env.global.

Getting an Access Token

# Step 1: Get authorization code (user must visit this URL in browser)
echo "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth?client_id=${GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID}&redirect_uri=urn:ietf:wg:oauth:2.0:oob&scope=https://www.googleapis.com/auth/analytics.readonly&response_type=code&access_type=offline"

# Step 2: Exchange code for tokens
curl -s -X POST "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token" \
  -d "code={AUTH_CODE}" \
  -d "client_id=${GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID}" \
  -d "client_secret=${GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET}" \
  -d "redirect_uri=urn:ietf:wg:oauth:2.0:oob" \
  -d "grant_type=authorization_code"

# Step 3: Refresh an expired token
curl -s -X POST "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token" \
  -d "refresh_token={REFRESH_TOKEN}" \
  -d "client_id=${GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID}" \
  -d "client_secret=${GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET}" \
  -d "grant_type=refresh_token"

Store the refresh token securely. The access token expires after 1 hour.

Finding Your GA4 Property ID

curl -s -H "Authorization: Bearer ${GA_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  "https://analyticsadmin.googleapis.com/v1beta/accountSummaries" \
  | python3 -c "
import json, sys
data = json.load(sys.stdin)
for acct in data.get('accountSummaries', []):
    for prop in acct.get('propertySummaries', []):
        print(f\"{prop['property']}  |  {prop.get('displayName','')}  |  Account: {acct.get('displayName','')}\")
"

The property ID format is properties/XXXXXXXXX.

API Base

POST https://analyticsdata.googleapis.com/v1beta/{property_id}:runReport

All report requests use POST with a JSON body. Always include Authorization: Bearer {ACCESS_TOKEN}.

1. Traffic Overview Report

Get sessions, users, page views, and engagement rate over a date range.

Example curl

curl -s -X POST \
  "https://analyticsdata.googleapis.com/v1beta/properties/{PROPERTY_ID}:runReport" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer ${GA_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "dateRanges": [{"startDate": "30daysAgo", "endDate": "today"}],
    "metrics": [
      {"name": "sessions"},
      {"name": "totalUsers"},
      {"name": "newUsers"},
      {"name": "screenPageViews"},
      {"name": "engagementRate"},
      {"name": "averageSessionDuration"},
      {"name": "bounceRate"}
    ]
  }'

Date Range Shortcuts

today, yesterday
7daysAgo, 14daysAgo, 28daysAgo, 30daysAgo, 90daysAgo
Specific dates: 2024-01-01
Compare periods by passing two dateRanges

2. User Acquisition Report

See where users come from (channels, sources, campaigns).

curl -s -X POST \
  "https://analyticsdata.googleapis.com/v1beta/properties/{PROPERTY_ID}:runReport" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer ${GA_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "dateRanges": [{"startDate": "30daysAgo", "endDate": "today"}],
    "dimensions": [
      {"name": "sessionDefaultChannelGroup"}
    ],
    "metrics": [
      {"name": "sessions"},
      {"name": "totalUsers"},
      {"name": "engagementRate"},
      {"name": "conversions"}
    ],
    "orderBys": [{"metric": {"metricName": "sessions"}, "desc": true}],
    "limit": 20
  }'

Useful Acquisition Dimensions

Dimension	Description
`sessionDefaultChannelGroup`	Channel grouping (Organic, Paid, Social, etc.)
`sessionSource`	Traffic source (google, facebook, etc.)
`sessionMedium`	Medium (organic, cpc, referral, etc.)
`sessionCampaignName`	UTM campaign name
`firstUserSource`	First-touch attribution source

3. Top Pages Report

Find the highest-traffic pages on the site.

curl -s -X POST \
  "https://analyticsdata.googleapis.com/v1beta/properties/{PROPERTY_ID}:runReport" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer ${GA_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "dateRanges": [{"startDate": "30daysAgo", "endDate": "today"}],
    "dimensions": [
      {"name": "pagePath"}
    ],
    "metrics": [
      {"name": "screenPageViews"},
      {"name": "totalUsers"},
      {"name": "engagementRate"},
      {"name": "averageSessionDuration"}
    ],
    "orderBys": [{"metric": {"metricName": "screenPageViews"}, "desc": true}],
    "limit": 25
  }'

4. Engagement Metrics

Understand how users interact with your content.

curl -s -X POST \
  "https://analyticsdata.googleapis.com/v1beta/properties/{PROPERTY_ID}:runReport" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer ${GA_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "dateRanges": [{"startDate": "30daysAgo", "endDate": "today"}],
    "dimensions": [
      {"name": "pagePath"}
    ],
    "metrics": [
      {"name": "engagedSessions"},
      {"name": "engagementRate"},
      {"name": "averageSessionDuration"},
      {"name": "screenPageViewsPerSession"},
      {"name": "eventCount"}
    ],
    "orderBys": [{"metric": {"metricName": "engagedSessions"}, "desc": true}],
    "limit": 20
  }'

Key Engagement Metrics

Metric	What It Measures
`engagementRate`	% of sessions that were engaged (>10s, 2+ pages, or conversion)
`averageSessionDuration`	Mean session length in seconds
`screenPageViewsPerSession`	Pages per session
`bounceRate`	% of sessions with no engagement
`eventCount`	Total events fired

5. Conversion Tracking

Report on conversion events (purchases, signups, etc.).

curl -s -X POST \
  "https://analyticsdata.googleapis.com/v1beta/properties/{PROPERTY_ID}:runReport" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer ${GA_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "dateRanges": [{"startDate": "30daysAgo", "endDate": "today"}],
    "dimensions": [
      {"name": "eventName"}
    ],
    "metrics": [
      {"name": "eventCount"},
      {"name": "totalUsers"},
      {"name": "eventValue"}
    ],
    "dimensionFilter": {
      "filter": {
        "fieldName": "eventName",
        "inListFilter": {
          "values": ["purchase", "sign_up", "generate_lead", "begin_checkout"]
        }
      }
    }
  }'

Conversion by Channel

curl -s -X POST \
  "https://analyticsdata.googleapis.com/v1beta/properties/{PROPERTY_ID}:runReport" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer ${GA_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "dateRanges": [{"startDate": "30daysAgo", "endDate": "today"}],
    "dimensions": [
      {"name": "sessionDefaultChannelGroup"}
    ],
    "metrics": [
      {"name": "sessions"},
      {"name": "conversions"},
      {"name": "totalRevenue"}
    ],
    "orderBys": [{"metric": {"metricName": "conversions"}, "desc": true}]
  }'

6. Audience Segments

Break down traffic by device, geography, and demographics.

By Device Category

curl -s -X POST \
  "https://analyticsdata.googleapis.com/v1beta/properties/{PROPERTY_ID}:runReport" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer ${GA_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "dateRanges": [{"startDate": "30daysAgo", "endDate": "today"}],
    "dimensions": [{"name": "deviceCategory"}],
    "metrics": [
      {"name": "sessions"},
      {"name": "totalUsers"},
      {"name": "engagementRate"},
      {"name": "conversions"}
    ]
  }'

By Country

Replace deviceCategory with country in the dimensions.

By Landing Page + Source

curl -s -X POST \
  "https://analyticsdata.googleapis.com/v1beta/properties/{PROPERTY_ID}:runReport" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer ${GA_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "dateRanges": [{"startDate": "30daysAgo", "endDate": "today"}],
    "dimensions": [
      {"name": "landingPage"},
      {"name": "sessionSource"}
    ],
    "metrics": [
      {"name": "sessions"},
      {"name": "engagementRate"},
      {"name": "conversions"}
    ],
    "orderBys": [{"metric": {"metricName": "sessions"}, "desc": true}],
    "limit": 30
  }'

7. Period Comparison

Compare two time periods to identify trends.

curl -s -X POST \
  "https://analyticsdata.googleapis.com/v1beta/properties/{PROPERTY_ID}:runReport" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer ${GA_ACCESS_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "dateRanges": [
      {"startDate": "30daysAgo", "endDate": "today", "name": "current"},
      {"startDate": "60daysAgo", "endDate": "31daysAgo", "name": "previous"}
    ],
    "metrics": [
      {"name": "sessions"},
      {"name": "totalUsers"},
      {"name": "conversions"},
      {"name": "engagementRate"}
    ]
  }'

Response Parsing

GA4 API returns JSON. Parse with python3 or jq:

# Parse report into a table
curl -s -X POST "..." | python3 -c "
import json, sys
data = json.load(sys.stdin)
headers = [h['name'] for h in data.get('dimensionHeaders',[])] + [m['name'] for m in data.get('metricHeaders',[])]
print(' | '.join(headers))
print('-' * (len(headers) * 20))
for row in data.get('rows', []):
    dims = [d['value'] for d in row.get('dimensionValues',[])]
    mets = [m['value'] for m in row.get('metricValues',[])]
    print(' | '.join(dims + mets))
"

Workflow: Monthly Analytics Report

When asked for a monthly report:

Pull traffic overview (sessions, users, page views) with period comparison
Pull acquisition breakdown by channel
Pull top 20 pages by page views
Pull conversion summary by channel
Pull device and country breakdown

Present as a structured report with tables, trends (up/down arrows), and recommendations:

## Monthly Analytics Report: {Property Name}
### Period: {date range} vs {previous period}

### Traffic Summary
| Metric | Current | Previous | Change |
|--------|---------|----------|--------|
| Sessions | X | Y | +Z% |
| ...

### Top Channels
...

### Top Pages
...

### Conversion Summary
...

### Recommendations
- [Based on data patterns]

Common Issues

403 Forbidden: User lacks access to the GA4 property
Empty rows: No data for the requested date range or filters
Quota exceeded: GA4 API has daily quotas; reduce date ranges or batch requests
Property not found: Verify the property ID format (properties/XXXXXXXXX)